Introduction to ASP.NET MVC

Welcome to the Session, Introduction to ASP.NET MVC. 

Web applications have revolutionized the way business is conducted. These applications enable organizations to share and access information from anywhere and at any time. Web applications have evolved  from traditional Web application that served static content to Web applications that are dynamic and responsive. To create such dynamic and responsive Web application, you can use ASP.NET MVC. 

ASP.NET MVC 5 has evolved from traditional ASP.NET Web pages  and ASP.NET Web Form to provide an implementation of the Model View Controller (MVC) design pattern. 

Visual Studio 2013 provides support to create ASP.NET MVC 5 applications. When you create an ASP.NET MVC 5 application in the Visual Studio 2013 IDE, the IDE automatically creates the required  application directory structure and the minimal files required to run the application.

In this Session, you will learn to:

• Define and describe  the layers of Web application.
• Explain the structure of an ASP.NET MVC application
• Explain the evaluation of Web application
• Explain and describe how to create Web application in Visual Studio 2013

1.1 Overview of Web Application Development

Web applications are programs that are executed on a Web server and accessed from a Web browser. These Web applications allows you to share and access information over the Internet that can be accessed globally at any time. In addition, you can create Web applications for performing commercial transactions, such as buying or selling products in an online store. This type of Web application that implements such commercial transactions is known as E-commerce application.

A Web application  is  composed  of  separate  layers.  The  layers  that  you  need  to  implement  in  a  Web application depends on the application requirements. The different Web application layers are discussed in the following topics.

1.1.1 Web Application Layers

Web applications are typically divided into three layers, where each layer performs different functionalities. 

The three layers of a Web application are as follows:

•  Presentation layer
•  Business logic layer
•  Data layer

Figure 1.1: Three Layers of Web Application

In this figure, the Web application has the following three layers:

• Presentation layer: Enable users to interact with the application.
• Business logic layer: Enables controlling the flow of execution and communication between the presentation layer and data layer.
• Data layer: Enables providing the application data stored in databases to the business logic layer.

1.1.2 Web Application Architectures

The  architecture  of  an  application  depends  on  the  system  in  which  the  layers  of  the  application  are
distributed and communicated to each other. Most of the applications are built by using these layers. An application can be based on one of the following types of architectures:

• Single-Tier Architecture:  In  this  architecture,  all  the  three  layers  are  integrated  together  and installed on a single computer.
• Two-Tier Architecture:  In  this  architecture,  the  three  layers  are  distributed  over  two  tiers,  a client  and  a  server.  The  presentation  layer  resides  on  each  client  computer,  the  business  logic layer resides either on the client or on the server, and the data access layer resides on the server.
• Three-Tier Architecture: In this architecture, the three layers of the application are distributed across  different  computers.  Each  layer  communicates  with  the  other  layers  with  the  help  of  a request-response mechanism.
• N-Tier Architecture: In this architecture, the components of the three-tier are further separated. For example, any business logic that needs to be present in one of the layers is separated from that layer to enable increase in performance and scalability. 

1.1.3 Types of Web Pages

A Web application consists of Web pages. Web pages can be of the following types:

• Static Web page: Is a Web page that consists of only Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is a
  static  Web  page.  A  static  Web  page  only  presents  content  to  users.  Such  Web  page  cannot
  respond to user actions.
• Dynamic Web page:  Is  a  Web  page  that  can  respond  to  user  actions.  For  example,  when  you type  some  text  to  search  in www.google.com and  click  the Search button,  the  Web  page
  responds  by  displaying  you  search  results.  This  is  an  example  of  a  dynamic  Web  page.  You  can create  a  dynamic  Web  page  using  HTML  pages  in  combination  with  server-side  and  client-side scripts.

Note- Server-side scripts execute on a Web server to provide users with dynamic content that is based on the information generated through programming logic or retrieved from a database. Server-side scripts are written in server-side scripting languages, such as ASP.NET.

Note- Client-side scripts execute on the browser without interacting with the Web server that hosts the application. Client-side script can also provide users with dynamic content based on the information generated through programming logic that executes on the browser. Client-side scripts are written in client-side scripting languages, such as JavaScript.

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